The reproductive anatomy of female rabbits is distinctive, as it lacks a uterine body and instead comprises two separate uterine horns, each possessing an individual cervix that opens directly into the vagina. The gestation period in rabbits typically ranges from 29 to 35 days, with an average duration of 30 to 32 days. Dystocia, defined as the failure to expel the fetus from the uterus during parturition, is relatively uncommon in rabbits, as the normal birthing process is typically completed within 30 minutes of its onset. The causes of dystocia in rabbits can be categorized as either maternal or fetal in origin. A 1.5-year-old pregnant female rabbit, weighing 1.2 kg, was presented to Shiraz University Teaching Hospital in a depressed and mildly dehydrated state. The owner reported a history of vaginal bleeding and straining one week prior to admission. The present study, reports a case of a rabbit dystocia and its surgical management. On clinical examination, the rabbit displayed signs of anorexia and lethargy. Ultrasonographic examination confirmed the presence of three nonviable fetuses, as no fetal heartbeats were detected. Based on the history and clinical findings, dystocia was confirmed. Given the deteriorating condition of the rabbit and the confirmed presence of nonviable fetuses, an emergency en bloc cesarean section was decided upon. Upon completing the surgery and removing the uterus, it was opened, revealing three macerated fetuses. After 5 days’ postoperative management and 14 days’ follow up, rabbit recovered with no complication.